River Systems

Investigate the physical characteristics of a river and measure water flow and velocity. Observe valley features and significance of a river watershed.

In an introductory lesson students will learn about watersheds and the Humber River.

Along the walk to the stream students will observe river features such as a valley, ravine, terrace and floodplain.

At the stream, students working in supervised teams will be shown how to take measurements accurately and safely. Using hip waders, measuring tapes and metre sticks they will record stream metrics at various places along the stream bed. This information will be used to calculate average depth (m) and cross-sectional area (m2).

Other students in each team will calculate current speed (m/sec), and note the substrate (mud, sand, gravel, or stone).

If the stream flow or depth is above normal levels, students will not enter the water but take measurement from the shore. Additional adults are welcome to help supervise student teams.

Preparation:
At least one person in each team should have a watch that shows seconds. We recommend an extra pair of socks, and to dress warmly in cool weather. Programs always have an outdoor component. Groups should dress for the conditions on the day of their visit. Before your visit, please discuss the importance of dressing appropriately for outdoor activities. On days of inclement weather the program will be modified to include some indoor activities along with the outdoor components.

Availability:
Half Day, Late April to October

Curriculum Connections:

• Science and Technology: Matter and Energy – Fluids (Grade 8); Life Systems – Interactions in the Environment (Grade 7) Biology – Sustainable Ecosystems (Grade 9: Acad.); Sustainable Ecosystems and Human Activity (Appli.); Diversity of Living Things (Grade 11: U Prep.); Earth and Space – Water Systems (Grade 8); Climate Change (Grade 10: Acad.); Earth’s Dynamic Climate (Appli.); Earth Materials (Grade 12: U Prep.)